Practices Related to the Viet Beliefs in the Mother Goddesses (UNESCO)
Practices Related to the Viet Beliefs in the Mother Goddesses of Three Realms was inscribed by UNESCO in 2016 as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, representing a deeply rooted indigenous spiritual tradition of Vietnam. Originating in the fertile Red River Delta with historic epicenters at Phu Day (Nam Dinh) and Ninh Binh shrines, this faith venerates Mother Nature manifested through three sacred domains: the Upper Realm of the Sky, the Mountain and Forest Realm, and the Water Realm. The dynamic centerpiece of this tradition is the dramatic Hau Dong (Spirit Possession) ritual—a mesmerizing sacred theatrical performance combining ritual dance, resplendent imperial costumes, hypnotic trance, and dynamic live music. During a ceremony, the spirit medium channels various ancestral deities, legendary generals, and heroines who safeguarded the nation, dramatically donning elaborate silk brocade costumes adorned with dragon and floral embroideries. The trance rituals are powered by the hypnotic rhythm of Chau Van (Chamber Trance Singing), performed by a master ensemble playing the crescent moon lute (dan nguyet), bamboo clappers, and bronze gongs. The electrifying, syncopated melodies guide the medium's energetic sword dances and graceful fan movements, culminating in the joyous scattering of blessed gifts (loc) that fosters profound communal joy and spiritual catharsis.