Art of Bài Chòi in Central Vietnam – Folk Singing & Card Game Heritage (UNESCO)
The Art of Bai Choi across Central Vietnam was inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2017. Originating from high watchtowers (choi) erected by early farmers to guard crops from wild forest animals, coastal communities ingeniously blended traditional deck card games with improvisational folk singing to break the monotony of rural labor, evolving into an indispensable cultural celebration during spring and village festivals. A traditional Bai Choi festival takes place in open village courtyards or breezy riverbanks featuring 9 to 11 elevated bamboo watchtowers arranged in a horseshoe shape, facing the central master pavilion. The card deck features 30 pairs of illustrated cards printed on bamboo splints depicting folkloric figures. The pulsating heart of the game is the Hieu (troubadour-announcer), who draws a card and improvises rhyming couplets, witty riddles, and lyrical folk ballads (ho and ly) hinting at the card’s identity without naming it directly. As the troubadour’s humorous verse echoes across the square, players seated in their bamboo towers listen intently, clicking bamboo clappers in delighted anticipation. When a tower matches three drawn cards, the player strikes a celebratory clapper roll, declaring victory and receiving festival flags and ceremonial wine amidst cheering crowds. In ancient Hoi An or along Da Nang’s Han River promenade, nightly Bai Choi games welcome global travelers to play, laugh, and celebrate community spirit together.